Method/Kit:
qRT-PCR

Measurement Type %
Description Extraction and purification of RNA were carried out with a Qiagen RNeasy® fibrous tissue mini kit (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands) per manufacturer instructions. The RNA concentration yielded was determined by a QubitTM RNA HS assay Kit (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA). One hundred nanograms of RNA were used to synthesize cDNA using an iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR using a SYBR qPCR Supermix in 10 μl of the reaction solution.

Target/Analytes with this Method/Kit
Target/Analyte Short Name Description
ACVR1 ACVR1 mRNA expression levels
AHSG AHSG mRNA expression levels
ALPL ALPL Gene expression of ALPL
ANXA5 ANXA5 Annexin A5 is a cellular protein in the annexin group. In flow cytometry, annexin V is commonly used to detect apoptotic cells by its ability to bind to phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptosis when it is on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
BGLAP BGLAP mRNA expression levels
BGN BGN Biglycan is a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) which is found in a variety of extracellular matrix tissues, including bone, cartilage and tendon.
BMP1 BMP1 mRNA expression levels
BMP2 BMP2 mRNA expression levels
BMP3 BMP3 mRNA expression levels
BMP4 BMP4 mRNA expression levels
BMP5 BMP5 mRNA expression levels
BMP6 BMP6 Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGFβ superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce the growth of bone and cartilage.
BMP7 BMP7 The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. Like other members of the bone morphogenetic protein family of proteins, it plays a key role in the transformation of mesenchymal cells into bone and cartilage.
BMPR1A BMPR1A mRNA expression levels
BMPR1B BMPR1B mRNA expression levels
BMPR2 BMPR2 mRNA expression levels
CALCR CALCR The calcitonin receptor (CT) is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the peptide hormone calcitonin and is involved in maintenance of calcium homeostasis,[5] particularly with respect to bone formation and metabolism
CD36. CD36. CD36 is a membrane glycoprotein present on platelets, mononuclear phagocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes, and some epithelia.
CDH11 CDH11 mRNA expression levels
CHRD CHRD mRNA expression levels
COL10A1 COL10A1 Collagen alpha-1(X) chain is a protein that in humans is a member of the collagen family encoded by the COL10A1 gene. This gene encodes the alpha chain of type X collagen, a short chain collagen expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification.
COL14A1 COL14A1 Collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL14A1 gene.[5][6][7] It likely plays a role in collagen binding and cell-cell adhesion
COL1A1 COL1A1. mRNA expression levels
COL1A2. COL1A2. The COL1A2 gene provides instructions for making part of a large molecule called type I collagen. Collagens are a family of proteins that strengthen and support many tissues in the body, including cartilage, bone, tendon, skin, and the white part of the eye (the sclera). Type I collagen is the most abundant form of collagen in the human body.
COL2A1 COL2A1 mRNA expression levels
COL3A1 COL3A1 The COL3A1 gene provides instructions for making type III collagen. Collagens are a family of proteins that strengthen and support many tissues in the body. Type III collagen is found in the skin, lungs, intestinal walls, and the walls of blood vessels
COL5A1 COL5A1 The COL5A1 gene provides instructions for making a component of type V collagen. Collagens are a family of proteins that strengthen and support many tissues in the body, including skin, ligaments, bones, tendons, and muscles.
COMP COMP OMP protein is located in the extracellular matrix surrounding the cells that make up ligaments and tendons, and near cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). Chondrocytes play an important role in bone formation (osteogenesis). In the bones of the spine, hips, and limbs, the process of osteogenesis starts with the formation of cartilage, which is then converted into bone.
CSF1 CSF1 mRNA expression levels
CSF2 CSF2 he protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages.
CSF3 CSF3 This gene encodes a member of the IL-6 superfamily of cytokines. The encoded cytokine controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes.
CTSK CTSK mRNA expression levels
DLX5 DLX5 mRNA expression levels
EGFR EGFR mRNA expression levels
FGF1 FGF1 FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
FGF2. FGF2. Fibroblast growth factor 2, also known as basic fibroblast growth factor and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene. It binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor proteins, themselves a family of closely related molecules.
FGFR1 FGFR1 mRNa expression levels
FGFR2 FGFR2 mRNA expression levels
FLT1 FLT1 FLT1 is a member of VEGF receptor gene family. It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase which is activated by VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor.
FN1. FN1. The FN1 gene provides instructions for making two types of the fibronectin-1 protein: soluble plasma fibronectin-1 and insoluble cellular fibronectin-1.
GDF10 GDF10 GDF10 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is closely related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3). It plays a role in head formation and may have multiple roles in skeletal morphogenesis
GENE1 gene1 gene1 hukriede
GLI1 GLI1 mRNA expression levels
IBSP IBSP mRNA expression levels
ICAM1 ICAM1 ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor for entry into respiratory epithelium.
IGF1 IGF1 mRNA expression levels
IGF1R. IGF1R. mRNA expression levels
IGF2 IGF2 mRNA expression levels
IGFBP5 IGFBP5 mRNa expression levels
IHH IHH mRNA expression levels
ITGA1 ITGA1 Integrin alpha-1 also CD49a is an integrin alpha subunit encoded in humans by the gene ITGA1. It makes up half of the α1β1 integrin duplex
ITGA2 ITGA2 Integrin alpha-2, or CD49b, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD49b gene. The CD49b protein is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α2β1 integrin duplex. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of a distinct alpha chain and a common beta chain
ITGA3 ITGA3 Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin.
ITGAM ITGAM Integrin alpha M (ITGAM) is one protein subunit that forms heterodimeric integrin alpha-M beta-2 (αMβ2) molecule, also known as macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) or complement receptor 3 (CR3). ITGAM is also known as CR3A, and cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11B). The second chain of αMβ2 is the common integrin β2 subunit known as CD18, and integrin αMβ2 thus belongs to the β2 subfamily (or leukocyte) integrins.
ITGB1 ITGB1 This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late ac
MGP MGP mRNA expression levels
MMP10 MMP10 Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The enzyme encoded by this gene degrades proteoglycans and fibronectin.
MMP-2. MMP-2. mRNA expression levels
MYH6 Gene Expression MYH6 Expression levels of genes of interest were first calculated relative to expression level of a reference human hypoxanthine hosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1) gene. These relative expression levels in IFNγ -treated samples were then shown normalized to corresponding relative expression levels in untreated control samples.
MYH7 Gene Expression MYH7 Expression levels of genes of interest were first calculated relative to expression level of a reference human hypoxanthine hosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1) gene. These relative expression levels in IFNγ -treated samples were then shown normalized to corresponding relative expression levels in untreated control samples.
MYL2 Gene Expression MYL2 Expression levels of genes of interest were first calculated relative to expression level of a reference human hypoxanthine hosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1) gene. These relative expression levels in IFNγ -treated samples were then shown normalized to corresponding relative expression levels in untreated control samples.
NF1 NF1 mRNa expression levels
NOG NOG mRNA expression levels
PTH PTH mRNa expression levels
PTHLH PTHLH mRNa expression levels
SHH SHH mRNA expression levels
SMAD1 SMAD1 mRNA expression levels
SP7 SP7 mRNA expression levels
SPP1 SPP1 mRNA expression levels
TGFB2 TGFB2 mRNA expression levels
TGFB3 TGFB3 mRNa expression levels
TGFBR1 TGFBR1 mRNa expression levels
TGFBR2 TGFBR2 mRNa expression levels
TNFSF11 TNFSF11 mRNa expression levels
TNNT2 Gene Expression TNNT2 Expression levels of genes of interest were first calculated relative to expression level of a reference human hypoxanthine hosphoribosyltransferase-1 (HPRT-1) gene. These relative expression levels in IFNγ -treated samples were then shown normalized to corresponding relative expression levels in untreated control samples.

Studies Utilizing this Method/Kit
Study Start Date Study Types Description
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